Loss of Citizenship by Fraud

Acquisition of Citizenship by fraud is a major concern in many countries and laws have been enacted to strip or take away citizenship from such individuals who commit fraud by for concealment, misrepresentation or presenting fake documents.

Loss of citizenship can result in statelessness unless dual nationals.

These are the countries that have laws to nullify citizenship based on fraud

Country	Target Person	Article in law	Procedure	Conditions
Afghanistan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Albania	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	ALB 13(1)	Withdrawal	Person has acquired citizenship based on incorrect data or falsified documents.
Algeria	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Angola	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	ANG 17(2)(c) and (d)	Lapse	Person is a naturalised citizen who acquired citizenship through fraud or by inducing errors in authorities or on the basis of marriage or de facto union that is simulated, ill faith etc.
Antigua and Barbuda	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	ANT 8, 9(1), 9(2)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Argentina	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Decree 3213/84 (15)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by option or naturalisation based on false facts. The judge must apply the rules of due process.
Armenia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	ARM 25	Lapse	Person has acquired citizenship through false information or documents.
Australia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	AUS 34	Withdrawal	Person became a citizen by descent (born abroad to an Australian citizen) or intercountry adoption (AUS 34(1)), or by conferral (AUS 34(2)), and the person has been convicted of a fraud offence or gained citizenship as a result of third party fraud and the Minister is satisfied that it would be contrary to the public interest for the person to remain a citizen. If person acquired citizenship by conferral, revocation extends to serious offences of a fraudulent nature committed after the application to become an Australian citizen, and ‘migration-related fraud’.
Austria	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	AUT 24	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship based on a faked document or wrong information, criminal activity, or by fraud in some other way. Based on General Law on Administrative Procedures.
Azerbaijan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	AZE 18	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by intentionally falsifying necessary information or by submitting a false document.
Bahamas	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BAH 11(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Bahrain	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BAH 8(1)	Nullification	Person has acquired citizenship by deception or based on false statements or has hidden substantial information.
Bangladesh	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BAN 16(2), 16(5) and 1926 Act, 8(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired his/her certificate of domicile or certificate of naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Government must be satisfied that deprivation is in the public interest, but loss can result in statelessness.
Barbados	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BAR 9(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Belarus	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BEL 21,22	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship based on admittedly false data or fake documents.
Belgium	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BEL 23(1)(1)	Withdrawal	Person has acquired citizenship other than by birth and has acquired citizenship by means of false representation, use of forged documents or concealment of facts which would have precluded the granting of citizenship (expiration period of 5 years).
Belize	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BEL 21(1)c	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration based on fraud, false representation, the concealment of material circumstances, or by mistake. Loss can result in statelessness.
Benin	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BEN 62-63	Withdrawal	Person does not in fact fulfil the conditions for naturalisation, or has knowingly made a false declaration for naturalisation or reacquisition.
Bhutan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BHU 6b	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Bolivia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BiH 23(1)	Withdrawal	Person has acquired citizenship of BiH by fraud or concealment of any relevant fact.
Botswana	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BOT 18(b)(i)	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact.
Brazil	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 12(4)(1), BRA 35, EDE 112(2)	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on fraud. Citizenship can only be nullified by means of a judicial decision. Loss can result in statelessness.
Brunei	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BRU 11(2), 11(6)	Withdrawal	Person is a citizen by registration or naturalisation and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact, or was granted citizenship by mistake. Loss needs to be conducive to the public good. Loss can result in statelessness.
Bulgaria	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BUL 22	Nullification	Person has acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false data and facts, and/or has concealed facts that could have justified a negative decision, and/or has not maintained for at least two years the investments which were the ground for citizenship acquisition (time limit: 10 years). Provision does not apply if person would thereby become stateless.
Burundi	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BUR 33(a)	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen who has acquired citizenship by fraud, corruption of a public servant or any other illegal procedure.
Cambodia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Cameroon	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	CAM 39(3)	Withdrawal	It becomes apparent within one year that the person did not fulfil the conditions required by the law to be naturalised or to reacquire citizenship.
Canada	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	CAN 10	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship based on false representation, fraud, or concealment of material facts. Loss can result in statelessness.
Cape Verde	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Central African Republic	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	CAR 63	Withdrawal	Person has acquired citizenship by submitting documents with false information or through fraudulent means. Decree of withdrawal must take place within 2 years of discovery of fraud and person has the right to make representations.
Chad	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	CHA 27(1)	Withdrawal	Person is a citizen by naturalisation who acquired citizenship by fraud or by inducing error by the authorities (deprivation is by decree).
Chile	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
China	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a
Colombia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	COL 20(a), 21	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship based on false information (time limit: 10 years). Loss can result in statelessness.
Comoros	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	COM 68	Withdrawal	Person has knowingly made a false declaration or presented documents with incorrect information, or used fraudulent means to acquire citizenship. The decree of withdrawal must take place within 2 years of acquisition.
Costa Rica	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	COS 18	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on fraud. Loss can result in statelessness.
Croatia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Cuba	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Cyprus	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	CYP 113(2)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation and has intentionally provided false or misleading information or held back information which was decisive for the acquisition of citizenship.
Czech Republic	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	CZE 39 and GPAL	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by fraud.
Denmark	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	DEN 8A	Withdrawal	Person has intentionally provided false or misleading information or held back information which was decisive for the acquisition of citizenship.
Djibouti	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Dominica	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 101(a), DOM 10(1)-10(2)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Dominican Republic	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	DOR 12, Par. I, Par. IIh	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship based on false documents or documents belonging to someone else. Loss can result in statelessness.
East Timor	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	TIM 14-2(d), NR 17	Nullification.	Person is a citizen by naturalisation and has obtained Timorese citizenship by forging documents, using fraudulent means or, through any other means, inducing the Timorese authorities in error.
Ecuador	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	ECU 12, 16(2)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship based on faked documents or wrong information. Loss can result in statelessness and will result in expulsion from Ecuador.
Egypt	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	EGY 15	Nullification	Nationality can only be lost/deprived from a naturalised citizen and only possible within certain number of years after naturalisation. Crimes include for example a crime against honour or against the security of the State.
El Salvador	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Equatorial Guinea	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	EQG 14	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen and is convicted in court of fraud in establishing the conditions for naturalisation.
Eritrea	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	ERI 3(3), 8(2)(a)	Withdrawal	Person has acquired citizenship by fraud, deceit or concealment of decisive facts.
Estonia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	EST 28(1)(4)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation or reacquisition based on false information and thereby conceals facts which would have precluded the grant or reacquisition of citizenship.
Ethiopia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Finland	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	FIN 33(1), 33(3), 33(4)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by declaration or naturalisation by providing false or misleading information, or withholding relevant information decisive for the acquisition of citizenship (time limit: 5 years). Consideration of the person’s situation, culpability of the act, circumstances in which fraud is committed and his/her ties with Finland, and, for minors, age.
France	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	FRA 27-2	Withdrawal	Person has acquired citizenship by declaration, naturalisation or reacquisition while failing to meet statutory requirements or based on misrepresentation or fraud (limit: two years after discovery).
Gabon	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	GAB 36	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false documents or by inducing an error by the responsible authorities.
Gambia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 13(1)(b), GAM 11(1)(a)	Withdrawal	Person is a citizen by naturalisation or registration and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact.
Georgia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	GEO 21	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by presenting false documents.
Germany	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	GER 35	Withdrawal	Person acquired, or has been allowed to retain, citizenship by willful deceit, threat, bribe or by giving willfully wrong or incomplete information (time limit: 5 years).
Ghana	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 9(3)(b), GHA 18(b)	Withdrawal	Person is a citizen otherwise than by birth or adoption and citizenship was acquired by fraud, misrepresentation or any other irregular or improper practice. Application for a deprivation order is made to the High Court by the Attorney General.
Greece	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision (based on GPAL)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship based on false information or fraud (provision based on general principle of administrative law).
Grenada	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 99(2), GRE 9(2)a	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Guatemala	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	GUA 22	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship based on false documentation. Loss can result in statelessness.
Guinea	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Guinea Bissau	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	BIS 10(2)	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen and has acquired citizenship by fraudulent means.
Guyana	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	GUY 11(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Haiti	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Honduras	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 29(2), HON 65(4)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false declarations or documents. Loss can result in statelessness.
Hungary	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	HUN 9	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship, otherwise than by birth, due to false information or fraud in the acquisition procedure (time limit: 10 years).
Iceland	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
India	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	IND 10(2)a	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship under mode A06 or A19 and became a citizen by fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Government must be convinced that deprivation is conducive to the public good.
Indonesia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	IND 28	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship based on false or invalid information or because of an error on the part of the authorities.
Iraq	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	IRQ 15	Deprivation	Person provided wrong information concerning himself or his family upon submitting the application for acquiring citizenship.
Ireland	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	IRE 19(1)(a)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on fraud, misrepresentation or concealment of material facts or circumstances.
Israel	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	ISR 11(c)	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship on the basis of false particulars and this is proven to the satisfaction of the Minister of the Interior.
Italy	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision (based on GPAL)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation, recognition of paternity or adoption that was based on fraud (void marriage, void adoption, false documents etc). Loss can result in statelessness.
Jamaica	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 11b, JAM 8(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Japan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Kazakhstan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	KAZ 21	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship through submission of false information or fake documents.
Kenya	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 17(a), KEN 21	Withdrawal	Person is a citizen by registration and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation, or concealment of any material fact.
Kosovo	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	KOS 18(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship based on false statements or concealed facts.
Kuwait	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	KUW 13(1)	Nullification	Person acquired naturalisation by virtue of fraud or on the basis of a false declaration.
Kyrgyzstan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	KYR 26	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by intentionally providing false information or false documents.
Laos	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	LAO 19(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation and in contravention of the law (time limit: within 10 years after naturalisation). Loss can result in statelessness.
Latvia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	LAT 24(1)(3), 24(3), 24(4)	Withdrawal	Person has knowingly provided false information when verifying a right to hold citizenship of Latvia, or when acquiring citizenship by naturalisation. Time limit: 10 years, unless person has been convicted for any of the international crimes referred to in Article 5 of the ICC Statute, or person holds citizenship of a country not referred to in LAT 9(1), clauses 1-4.
Lebanon	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Lesotho	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	LES 23(2)	Withdrawal	Person is a citizen by registration or naturalisation and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact.
Liberia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	LIB 21.50	Withdrawal	Person is a citizen by naturalisation and acquired citizenship through concealment of a material fact or misrepresentation, or was not eligible for citizenship or to reside in Liberia, or was not of good moral character or was an anarchist or not attached to the principles of the constitution, or acquisition of citizenship was based on a manifest error of law or fact.
Libya	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	LIB 12	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship based on false information, fraudulent documents or non disclosure of information related.
Liechtenstein	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	LIE 21	Withdrawal	Person has provided false information or has acquired citizenship by fraud.
Lithuania	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	LIT 24(5)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by means of forged documents or any other fraud.
Luxembourg	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	LUX 15	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship, otherwise than by descent, by providing false information, dissimulation or fraud in the acquisition procedure. Provision does not apply if person would thereby become stateless.
Macedonia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MAC 14	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation, based on false or incorrect information, or forged documents.
Madagascar	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MAD 62-63	Withdrawal	Person is naturalised citizen and it becomes apparent that he or she did not fulfil the requirements or had knowingly made a false declaration or presented a false document or used fraudulent means to acquire citizenship.
Malawi	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MWI 25(1)	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen who acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of material fact.
Malaysia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 26, 26B(2)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact, or acquisition was effected or granted by mistake. Government must be satisfied that deprivation is conducive to the public good. Loss due to fraud can result in statelessness. Loss due to mistake cannot result in statelessness.
Mali	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MAL 245	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised or reintegrated citizen and it becomes apparent that s/he did not satisfy the conditions or knowingly made a false declaration, presented false documents or employed fraudulent means to acquire citizenship.
Malta	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MAL 14(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship, by registration or naturalisation, by means of fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact.
Mauritania	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MRT 22	Nullification	Person obtained citizenship by fraud. Time limit: within 2 years after naturalisation.
Mauritius	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MAU 11(2)	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen who has acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact. Provided that s/he shall not become stateless.
Mexico	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MEX 36, REG 41-42	Nullification	Person committed perjury and/or presented forged documents during the application for naturalisation. Loss can result in statelessness.
Moldova	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MOL 23(1)(a)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by means of fraudulent conduct, false information or concealment of any relevant fact.
Mongolia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MON 15(1)(3)	Lapse	Person has acquired citizenship based on false information or documents.
Montenegro	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MON 24(2)	Withdrawal	Person has intentionally provided false or misleading information or held back information, which was decisive for the acquisition of citizenship. Provision does not apply if person would thereby become stateless.
Morocco	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MOR 14	Nullification	Person has obtained citizenship by fraud.
Mozambique	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Myanmar	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	MYA 18, 36, 59	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact.
Namibia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	NAM 9(2)	Deprivation	Person is a naturalised citizen and the minister is satisfied that citizenship was acquired by means of fraud, false representation or the concealment of any material fact. Other conditions: person shall not be rendered stateless.
Nepal	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	NEP 12	Withdrawal	Person obtained citizenship by submitting false documentation.
Netherlands	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	NET 14(1)	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship based on false information or fraud in procedure (time limit: 12 years, unless the person is convicted for one of the offences referred to in articles 6, 7 or 8 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court).
New Zealand	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	NEZ 17	Withdrawal	Person’s registration, naturalisation, grant of citizenship or any other grant requirement was procured by fraud, false representation or wilful concealment of relevant information, or by mistake. If citizenship was acquired by mistake, deprivation is not possible if that would render the person stateless.
Nicaragua	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	NIC 64(4)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false information.
Niger	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Nigeria	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
North Korea	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Norway	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	NOR 26(2)	Withdrawal	Person has provided incorrect or incomplete information against his or her better judgment or has suppressed circumstances of substantial importance for the decision granting, or allowing to retain, citizenship.
Oman	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	OMA 13(1)	Nullification	No conditions prescribed.
Pakistan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	PAK 16(2), 16(5) and 1926 Act, 8(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired his/her certificate of domicile or certificate of naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Government must be satisfied that deprivation is in the public interest, but loss can result in statelessness.
Panama	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Paraguay	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Peru	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Philippines	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Commonwealth Act no. 473, 18a	Withdrawal	Person obtained naturalisation by fraud or illegal means.
Poland	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Portugal	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	POR 16, 18 in conjunction with artt. 87-88 Civil Registry Code	Nullification	Persons acquired citizenship based on false information or a non-existent fact.
Qatar	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	QAT 12(1)	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship by fraud.
Romania	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	ROM 25(1)c	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship due to fraud.
Russia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	RUS 22, 23	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship based on false documents or false information. It has to be judicially established whether fraud has taken place, upon which the authority which took the decision about the acquisition of citizenship annuls that decision. The annulment is effective from the day when the decision to annul is taken.
Rwanda	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	RWA 19(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired or recovered citizenship in accordance with the law but by false statements or documents, fraud, corruption, etc.
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 94(d), STK 8, 9(1)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Saint Lucia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 103b, STL 9(2)a	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 94b, STV 14(2)a	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Sao Tome and Principe	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Saudi Arabia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SAU 22	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship through cheating, lying or falsifying witnessess, documents or information.
Senegal	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Serbia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SER 45	Nullification	Person has intentionally provided false or misleading information or held back information, which was decisive for the acquisition of citizenship. Provision does not apply if person would thereby become stateless.
Seychelles	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SEY 11	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen and the Minister is satisfied that citizenship has been acquired by fraud, false representation or concealment of material fact.
Sierra Leone	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision (But see mode L08)	n.a.	n.a.
Singapore	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 129(2), 129(7)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact, or acquisition was effected or granted by mistake. Government must be satisfied that deprivation is conducive to the public good. Loss due to fraud can result in statelessness. Loss due to mistake cannot result in statelessness.
Slovakia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SLK 8(b)1	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship with falsified documents or documents that did not belong to him/her, or the person failed to inform the authorities of facts that could have substantial influence on the decision, or citizenship was acquired as a result of a crime, or the documents to acquire citizenship were obtained through criminal action.
Slovenia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SLN 16(1)	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false declarations or deliberate concealment of essential facts or circumstances.
Somalia	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SOM 11(1)(a)	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen who acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or the concealment of any material fact.
South Africa	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SA 8(1)	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact, or certificate was granted in conflict with the law.
South Korea	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	ROK 21	Withdrawal	Person (re)acquired citizenship by deceit or other wrongful means.
South Sudan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SSU 15(2)(a)	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen and has acquired citizenship by fraud, misrepresentation of a material fact, or provision of false information.
Spain	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SPA 25(2)	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship, other than by birth (“de origen”), by fraud, falsity, or concealment of information (time limit: 15 years). Loss does not have detrimental effects on third parties in good faith.
Sri Lanka	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Sudan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SUD 6(2), 11(1)(a)	Withdrawal	Person obtained recognition of citizenship by birth or acquired citizenship by naturalisation through fraud, forgery, misrepresentation or concealment of any material fact.
Suriname	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Swaziland	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 49(1)(a), 54	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen and acquistion is declared by a court to have been procured by fraud, misrepresentation or concealment of material facts. Citizenship Board may also revoke a certificate of citizenship for good cause.
Sweden	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Switzerland	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SWI 41	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship based on false information or concealment of relevant facts (time limit: 8 years and withdrawal must take place within 2 years after discovery fraudulent behaviour).
Syria	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	SYR 20	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship by fraud.
Taiwan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Tajikistan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	TAJ 24	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship on the basis of intentionally false information and forged documents (as established by a court). Time limit: within 5 years of acquisition.
Tanzania	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	TAN 15(1)	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact.
Thailand	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	THA 16; THA 19(1)	Withdrawal; Withdrawal	Person is the wife of a male citizen and the marriage was effected by concealment of facts or false statements, the wife acted against the country’s security or interests, or commited an act contrary to public order or good morals; Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false statements or concealment of a material facts.
Togo	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	TOG 41	Withdrawal	Person has knowingly made a false declaration, presented documents containing false information or used fraudulent means to acquire naturalisation.
Trinidad and Tobago	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	TRI 14(2)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness.
Turkey	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	TUR 31	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false information or concealment of relevant facts.
Turkmenistan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	TUR 17	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship as a result of the submission of intentionally false information or forged documents.
Uganda	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	UGA 17(1)(c)	Withdrawal	Person is a naturalised citizen and has acquired citizenship by fraud, deceit, bribery or intentional false statements.
Ukraine	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	UKR 19(2); UKR 21	Withdrawal; Nullification	Person has acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false information or by deliberately supplying false documents. Citizenship is lost from the moment the decision about loss is adopted; Person has acquired citizenship pursuant to UKR 8 (territorial origin) or UKR 10 (re-acquisition of citizenship) based on false information, deliberately supplied false documents or concealment of relevant facts that would have prevented the acquisition of citizenship.
United Arab Emirates	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	UAE 16(3)	Nullification	Person acquired citizenship based on forged data, fraud or deception.
United Kingdom	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	UK 40(3)	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by declaration or naturalisation as a result of fraud, false representation or concealment of relevant facts.
United States of America	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	INA 340(a)	Nullification	Person’s naturalisation was illegally procured or procured by concealment of a material fact or willful misrepresentation. Loss can result in statelessness.
Uruguay	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	No provision	n.a.	n.a.
Uzbekistan	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	UZB 21	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship on the basis of deliberate false information or forged documents.
Venezuela	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	VEN 41, 43, 48(8)	Nullification	Person is a citizen by naturalisation who acquired citizenship based on false documents (time limit: 10 years). Loss can result in statelessness.
Vietnam	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	VIE 33	Withdrawal	Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false declarations or forged papers (time limit: 10 years). Place of residence is immaterial. Loss can result in statelessness.
Yemen	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	YEM 18(c)	Nullification	Person has given inaccurate testimonies relating to acquisition of citizenship.
Zimbabwe	Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud	Const 39(1)(a) and (2)(a), ZIM 11(1) and (2)(a)	Withdrawal	Person obtained recognition or acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or the concealment of any material fact.