Acquisition of Citizenship by fraud is a major concern in many countries and laws have been enacted to strip or take away citizenship from such individuals who commit fraud by for concealment, misrepresentation or presenting fake documents.
Loss of citizenship can result in statelessness unless dual nationals.
These are the countries that have laws to nullify citizenship based on fraud
| Country | Target Person | Article in law | Procedure | Conditions |
| Afghanistan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Albania | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | ALB 13(1) | Withdrawal | Person has acquired citizenship based on incorrect data or falsified documents. |
| Algeria | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Angola | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | ANG 17(2)(c) and (d) | Lapse | Person is a naturalised citizen who acquired citizenship through fraud or by inducing errors in authorities or on the basis of marriage or de facto union that is simulated, ill faith etc. |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | ANT 8, 9(1), 9(2) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Argentina | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Decree 3213/84 (15) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by option or naturalisation based on false facts. The judge must apply the rules of due process. |
| Armenia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | ARM 25 | Lapse | Person has acquired citizenship through false information or documents. |
| Australia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | AUS 34 | Withdrawal | Person became a citizen by descent (born abroad to an Australian citizen) or intercountry adoption (AUS 34(1)), or by conferral (AUS 34(2)), and the person has been convicted of a fraud offence or gained citizenship as a result of third party fraud and the Minister is satisfied that it would be contrary to the public interest for the person to remain a citizen. If person acquired citizenship by conferral, revocation extends to serious offences of a fraudulent nature committed after the application to become an Australian citizen, and ‘migration-related fraud’. |
| Austria | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | AUT 24 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship based on a faked document or wrong information, criminal activity, or by fraud in some other way. Based on General Law on Administrative Procedures. |
| Azerbaijan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | AZE 18 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by intentionally falsifying necessary information or by submitting a false document. |
| Bahamas | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BAH 11(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Bahrain | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BAH 8(1) | Nullification | Person has acquired citizenship by deception or based on false statements or has hidden substantial information. |
| Bangladesh | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BAN 16(2), 16(5) and 1926 Act, 8(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired his/her certificate of domicile or certificate of naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Government must be satisfied that deprivation is in the public interest, but loss can result in statelessness. |
| Barbados | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BAR 9(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Belarus | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BEL 21,22 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship based on admittedly false data or fake documents. |
| Belgium | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BEL 23(1)(1) | Withdrawal | Person has acquired citizenship other than by birth and has acquired citizenship by means of false representation, use of forged documents or concealment of facts which would have precluded the granting of citizenship (expiration period of 5 years). |
| Belize | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BEL 21(1)c | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration based on fraud, false representation, the concealment of material circumstances, or by mistake. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Benin | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BEN 62-63 | Withdrawal | Person does not in fact fulfil the conditions for naturalisation, or has knowingly made a false declaration for naturalisation or reacquisition. |
| Bhutan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BHU 6b | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Bolivia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BiH 23(1) | Withdrawal | Person has acquired citizenship of BiH by fraud or concealment of any relevant fact. |
| Botswana | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BOT 18(b)(i) | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact. |
| Brazil | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 12(4)(1), BRA 35, EDE 112(2) | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on fraud. Citizenship can only be nullified by means of a judicial decision. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Brunei | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BRU 11(2), 11(6) | Withdrawal | Person is a citizen by registration or naturalisation and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact, or was granted citizenship by mistake. Loss needs to be conducive to the public good. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Bulgaria | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BUL 22 | Nullification | Person has acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false data and facts, and/or has concealed facts that could have justified a negative decision, and/or has not maintained for at least two years the investments which were the ground for citizenship acquisition (time limit: 10 years). Provision does not apply if person would thereby become stateless. |
| Burundi | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BUR 33(a) | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen who has acquired citizenship by fraud, corruption of a public servant or any other illegal procedure. |
| Cambodia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Cameroon | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | CAM 39(3) | Withdrawal | It becomes apparent within one year that the person did not fulfil the conditions required by the law to be naturalised or to reacquire citizenship. |
| Canada | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | CAN 10 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship based on false representation, fraud, or concealment of material facts. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Cape Verde | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Central African Republic | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | CAR 63 | Withdrawal | Person has acquired citizenship by submitting documents with false information or through fraudulent means. Decree of withdrawal must take place within 2 years of discovery of fraud and person has the right to make representations. |
| Chad | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | CHA 27(1) | Withdrawal | Person is a citizen by naturalisation who acquired citizenship by fraud or by inducing error by the authorities (deprivation is by decree). |
| Chile | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| China | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a |
| Colombia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | COL 20(a), 21 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship based on false information (time limit: 10 years). Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Comoros | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | COM 68 | Withdrawal | Person has knowingly made a false declaration or presented documents with incorrect information, or used fraudulent means to acquire citizenship. The decree of withdrawal must take place within 2 years of acquisition. |
| Costa Rica | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | COS 18 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on fraud. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Croatia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Cuba | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Cyprus | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | CYP 113(2) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation and has intentionally provided false or misleading information or held back information which was decisive for the acquisition of citizenship. |
| Czech Republic | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | CZE 39 and GPAL | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by fraud. |
| Denmark | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | DEN 8A | Withdrawal | Person has intentionally provided false or misleading information or held back information which was decisive for the acquisition of citizenship. |
| Djibouti | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Dominica | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 101(a), DOM 10(1)-10(2) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Dominican Republic | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | DOR 12, Par. I, Par. IIh | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship based on false documents or documents belonging to someone else. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| East Timor | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | TIM 14-2(d), NR 17 | Nullification. | Person is a citizen by naturalisation and has obtained Timorese citizenship by forging documents, using fraudulent means or, through any other means, inducing the Timorese authorities in error. |
| Ecuador | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | ECU 12, 16(2) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship based on faked documents or wrong information. Loss can result in statelessness and will result in expulsion from Ecuador. |
| Egypt | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | EGY 15 | Nullification | Nationality can only be lost/deprived from a naturalised citizen and only possible within certain number of years after naturalisation. Crimes include for example a crime against honour or against the security of the State. |
| El Salvador | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Equatorial Guinea | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | EQG 14 | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen and is convicted in court of fraud in establishing the conditions for naturalisation. |
| Eritrea | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | ERI 3(3), 8(2)(a) | Withdrawal | Person has acquired citizenship by fraud, deceit or concealment of decisive facts. |
| Estonia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | EST 28(1)(4) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation or reacquisition based on false information and thereby conceals facts which would have precluded the grant or reacquisition of citizenship. |
| Ethiopia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Finland | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | FIN 33(1), 33(3), 33(4) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by declaration or naturalisation by providing false or misleading information, or withholding relevant information decisive for the acquisition of citizenship (time limit: 5 years). Consideration of the person’s situation, culpability of the act, circumstances in which fraud is committed and his/her ties with Finland, and, for minors, age. |
| France | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | FRA 27-2 | Withdrawal | Person has acquired citizenship by declaration, naturalisation or reacquisition while failing to meet statutory requirements or based on misrepresentation or fraud (limit: two years after discovery). |
| Gabon | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | GAB 36 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false documents or by inducing an error by the responsible authorities. |
| Gambia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 13(1)(b), GAM 11(1)(a) | Withdrawal | Person is a citizen by naturalisation or registration and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact. |
| Georgia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | GEO 21 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by presenting false documents. |
| Germany | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | GER 35 | Withdrawal | Person acquired, or has been allowed to retain, citizenship by willful deceit, threat, bribe or by giving willfully wrong or incomplete information (time limit: 5 years). |
| Ghana | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 9(3)(b), GHA 18(b) | Withdrawal | Person is a citizen otherwise than by birth or adoption and citizenship was acquired by fraud, misrepresentation or any other irregular or improper practice. Application for a deprivation order is made to the High Court by the Attorney General. |
| Greece | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision (based on GPAL) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship based on false information or fraud (provision based on general principle of administrative law). |
| Grenada | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 99(2), GRE 9(2)a | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Guatemala | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | GUA 22 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship based on false documentation. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Guinea | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Guinea Bissau | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | BIS 10(2) | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen and has acquired citizenship by fraudulent means. |
| Guyana | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | GUY 11(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Haiti | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Honduras | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 29(2), HON 65(4) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false declarations or documents. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Hungary | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | HUN 9 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship, otherwise than by birth, due to false information or fraud in the acquisition procedure (time limit: 10 years). |
| Iceland | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| India | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | IND 10(2)a | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship under mode A06 or A19 and became a citizen by fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Government must be convinced that deprivation is conducive to the public good. |
| Indonesia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | IND 28 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship based on false or invalid information or because of an error on the part of the authorities. |
| Iraq | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | IRQ 15 | Deprivation | Person provided wrong information concerning himself or his family upon submitting the application for acquiring citizenship. |
| Ireland | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | IRE 19(1)(a) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on fraud, misrepresentation or concealment of material facts or circumstances. |
| Israel | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | ISR 11(c) | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship on the basis of false particulars and this is proven to the satisfaction of the Minister of the Interior. |
| Italy | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision (based on GPAL) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation, recognition of paternity or adoption that was based on fraud (void marriage, void adoption, false documents etc). Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Jamaica | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 11b, JAM 8(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Japan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Kazakhstan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | KAZ 21 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship through submission of false information or fake documents. |
| Kenya | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 17(a), KEN 21 | Withdrawal | Person is a citizen by registration and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation, or concealment of any material fact. |
| Kosovo | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | KOS 18(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship based on false statements or concealed facts. |
| Kuwait | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | KUW 13(1) | Nullification | Person acquired naturalisation by virtue of fraud or on the basis of a false declaration. |
| Kyrgyzstan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | KYR 26 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by intentionally providing false information or false documents. |
| Laos | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | LAO 19(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation and in contravention of the law (time limit: within 10 years after naturalisation). Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Latvia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | LAT 24(1)(3), 24(3), 24(4) | Withdrawal | Person has knowingly provided false information when verifying a right to hold citizenship of Latvia, or when acquiring citizenship by naturalisation. Time limit: 10 years, unless person has been convicted for any of the international crimes referred to in Article 5 of the ICC Statute, or person holds citizenship of a country not referred to in LAT 9(1), clauses 1-4. |
| Lebanon | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Lesotho | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | LES 23(2) | Withdrawal | Person is a citizen by registration or naturalisation and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact. |
| Liberia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | LIB 21.50 | Withdrawal | Person is a citizen by naturalisation and acquired citizenship through concealment of a material fact or misrepresentation, or was not eligible for citizenship or to reside in Liberia, or was not of good moral character or was an anarchist or not attached to the principles of the constitution, or acquisition of citizenship was based on a manifest error of law or fact. |
| Libya | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | LIB 12 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship based on false information, fraudulent documents or non disclosure of information related. |
| Liechtenstein | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | LIE 21 | Withdrawal | Person has provided false information or has acquired citizenship by fraud. |
| Lithuania | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | LIT 24(5) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by means of forged documents or any other fraud. |
| Luxembourg | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | LUX 15 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship, otherwise than by descent, by providing false information, dissimulation or fraud in the acquisition procedure. Provision does not apply if person would thereby become stateless. |
| Macedonia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MAC 14 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation, based on false or incorrect information, or forged documents.
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| Madagascar | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MAD 62-63 | Withdrawal | Person is naturalised citizen and it becomes apparent that he or she did not fulfil the requirements or had knowingly made a false declaration or presented a false document or used fraudulent means to acquire citizenship. |
| Malawi | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MWI 25(1) | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen who acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of material fact. |
| Malaysia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 26, 26B(2) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact, or acquisition was effected or granted by mistake. Government must be satisfied that deprivation is conducive to the public good. Loss due to fraud can result in statelessness. Loss due to mistake cannot result in statelessness. |
| Mali | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MAL 245 | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised or reintegrated citizen and it becomes apparent that s/he did not satisfy the conditions or knowingly made a false declaration, presented false documents or employed fraudulent means to acquire citizenship. |
| Malta | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MAL 14(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship, by registration or naturalisation, by means of fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact. |
| Mauritania | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MRT 22 | Nullification | Person obtained citizenship by fraud. Time limit: within 2 years after naturalisation. |
| Mauritius | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MAU 11(2) | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen who has acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact. Provided that s/he shall not become stateless. |
| Mexico | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MEX 36, REG 41-42 | Nullification | Person committed perjury and/or presented forged documents during the application for naturalisation. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Moldova | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MOL 23(1)(a) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by means of fraudulent conduct, false information or concealment of any relevant fact. |
| Mongolia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MON 15(1)(3) | Lapse | Person has acquired citizenship based on false information or documents. |
| Montenegro | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MON 24(2) | Withdrawal | Person has intentionally provided false or misleading information or held back information, which was decisive for the acquisition of citizenship. Provision does not apply if person would thereby become stateless. |
| Morocco | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MOR 14 | Nullification | Person has obtained citizenship by fraud. |
| Mozambique | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Myanmar | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | MYA 18, 36, 59 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. |
| Namibia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | NAM 9(2) | Deprivation | Person is a naturalised citizen and the minister is satisfied that citizenship was acquired by means of fraud, false representation or the concealment of any material fact. Other conditions: person shall not be rendered stateless. |
| Nepal | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | NEP 12 | Withdrawal | Person obtained citizenship by submitting false documentation. |
| Netherlands | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | NET 14(1) | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship based on false information or fraud in procedure (time limit: 12 years, unless the person is convicted for one of the offences referred to in articles 6, 7 or 8 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court). |
| New Zealand | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | NEZ 17 | Withdrawal | Person’s registration, naturalisation, grant of citizenship or any other grant requirement was procured by fraud, false representation or wilful concealment of relevant information, or by mistake. If citizenship was acquired by mistake, deprivation is not possible if that would render the person stateless. |
| Nicaragua | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | NIC 64(4) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false information. |
| Niger | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Nigeria | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| North Korea | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Norway | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | NOR 26(2) | Withdrawal | Person has provided incorrect or incomplete information against his or her better judgment or has suppressed circumstances of substantial importance for the decision granting, or allowing to retain, citizenship. |
| Oman | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | OMA 13(1) | Nullification | No conditions prescribed. |
| Pakistan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | PAK 16(2), 16(5) and 1926 Act, 8(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired his/her certificate of domicile or certificate of naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Government must be satisfied that deprivation is in the public interest, but loss can result in statelessness. |
| Panama | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Paraguay | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Peru | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Philippines | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Commonwealth Act no. 473, 18a | Withdrawal | Person obtained naturalisation by fraud or illegal means. |
| Poland | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Portugal | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | POR 16, 18 in conjunction with artt. 87-88 Civil Registry Code | Nullification | Persons acquired citizenship based on false information or a non-existent fact. |
| Qatar | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | QAT 12(1) | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship by fraud. |
| Romania | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | ROM 25(1)c | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship due to fraud. |
| Russia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | RUS 22, 23 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship based on false documents or false information. It has to be judicially established whether fraud has taken place, upon which the authority which took the decision about the acquisition of citizenship annuls that decision. The annulment is effective from the day when the decision to annul is taken. |
| Rwanda | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | RWA 19(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired or recovered citizenship in accordance with the law but by false statements or documents, fraud, corruption, etc. |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 94(d), STK 8, 9(1) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Saint Lucia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 103b, STL 9(2)a | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 94b, STV 14(2)a | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Sao Tome and Principe | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Saudi Arabia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SAU 22 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship through cheating, lying or falsifying witnessess, documents or information. |
| Senegal | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Serbia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SER 45 | Nullification | Person has intentionally provided false or misleading information or held back information, which was decisive for the acquisition of citizenship. Provision does not apply if person would thereby become stateless. |
| Seychelles | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SEY 11 | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen and the Minister is satisfied that citizenship has been acquired by fraud, false representation or concealment of material fact. |
| Sierra Leone | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision (But see mode L08) | n.a. | n.a. |
| Singapore | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 129(2), 129(7) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact, or acquisition was effected or granted by mistake. Government must be satisfied that deprivation is conducive to the public good. Loss due to fraud can result in statelessness. Loss due to mistake cannot result in statelessness. |
| Slovakia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SLK 8(b)1 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship with falsified documents or documents that did not belong to him/her, or the person failed to inform the authorities of facts that could have substantial influence on the decision, or citizenship was acquired as a result of a crime, or the documents to acquire citizenship were obtained through criminal action. |
| Slovenia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SLN 16(1) | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false declarations or deliberate concealment of essential facts or circumstances. |
| Somalia | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SOM 11(1)(a) | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen who acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or the concealment of any material fact. |
| South Africa | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SA 8(1) | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact, or certificate was granted in conflict with the law. |
| South Korea | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | ROK 21 | Withdrawal | Person (re)acquired citizenship by deceit or other wrongful means. |
| South Sudan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SSU 15(2)(a) | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen and has acquired citizenship by fraud, misrepresentation of a material fact, or provision of false information. |
| Spain | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SPA 25(2) | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship, other than by birth (“de origen”), by fraud, falsity, or concealment of information (time limit: 15 years). Loss does not have detrimental effects on third parties in good faith. |
| Sri Lanka | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Sudan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SUD 6(2), 11(1)(a) | Withdrawal | Person obtained recognition of citizenship by birth or acquired citizenship by naturalisation through fraud, forgery, misrepresentation or concealment of any material fact. |
| Suriname | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Swaziland | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 49(1)(a), 54 | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen and acquistion is declared by a court to have been procured by fraud, misrepresentation or concealment of material facts. Citizenship Board may also revoke a certificate of citizenship for good cause. |
| Sweden | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Switzerland | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SWI 41 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship based on false information or concealment of relevant facts (time limit: 8 years and withdrawal must take place within 2 years after discovery fraudulent behaviour). |
| Syria | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | SYR 20 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship by fraud. |
| Taiwan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Tajikistan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | TAJ 24 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship on the basis of intentionally false information and forged documents (as established by a court). Time limit: within 5 years of acquisition. |
| Tanzania | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | TAN 15(1) | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen and acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact. |
| Thailand | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | THA 16; THA 19(1) | Withdrawal; Withdrawal | Person is the wife of a male citizen and the marriage was effected by concealment of facts or false statements, the wife acted against the country’s security or interests, or commited an act contrary to public order or good morals; Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false statements or concealment of a material facts. |
| Togo | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | TOG 41 | Withdrawal | Person has knowingly made a false declaration, presented documents containing false information or used fraudulent means to acquire naturalisation. |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | TRI 14(2) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by registration or naturalisation based on fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Turkey | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | TUR 31 | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false information or concealment of relevant facts. |
| Turkmenistan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | TUR 17 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship as a result of the submission of intentionally false information or forged documents. |
| Uganda | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | UGA 17(1)(c) | Withdrawal | Person is a naturalised citizen and has acquired citizenship by fraud, deceit, bribery or intentional false statements. |
| Ukraine | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | UKR 19(2); UKR 21 | Withdrawal; Nullification | Person has acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false information or by deliberately supplying false documents. Citizenship is lost from the moment the decision about loss is adopted; Person has acquired citizenship pursuant to UKR 8 (territorial origin) or UKR 10 (re-acquisition of citizenship) based on false information, deliberately supplied false documents or concealment of relevant facts that would have prevented the acquisition of citizenship. |
| United Arab Emirates | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | UAE 16(3) | Nullification | Person acquired citizenship based on forged data, fraud or deception. |
| United Kingdom | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | UK 40(3) | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by declaration or naturalisation as a result of fraud, false representation or concealment of relevant facts. |
| United States of America | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | INA 340(a) | Nullification | Person’s naturalisation was illegally procured or procured by concealment of a material fact or willful misrepresentation. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Uruguay | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | No provision | n.a. | n.a. |
| Uzbekistan | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | UZB 21 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship on the basis of deliberate false information or forged documents. |
| Venezuela | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | VEN 41, 43, 48(8) | Nullification | Person is a citizen by naturalisation who acquired citizenship based on false documents (time limit: 10 years). Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Vietnam | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | VIE 33 | Withdrawal | Person acquired citizenship by naturalisation based on false declarations or forged papers (time limit: 10 years). Place of residence is immaterial. Loss can result in statelessness. |
| Yemen | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | YEM 18(c) | Nullification | Person has given inaccurate testimonies relating to acquisition of citizenship. |
| Zimbabwe | Person who has acquired citizenship by fraud | Const 39(1)(a) and (2)(a), ZIM 11(1) and (2)(a) | Withdrawal | Person obtained recognition or acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or the concealment of any material fact. |
Source: GlobalCIT Database
